Research Article: 2022 Vol: 21 Issue: 6
Local development networks in the literature from 2019 to 2022
Javier Carreon Guillen, National Autonomous University of Mexico
Cruz Garcia Lirios, Luis Amigo Catholic University
Celia Yaneth Quiroz Campas, Luis Amigo Catholic University
Elias Alexander Vallejo Montoya, University of Sonora
Francisco Espinoza Morales, Luis Amigo Catholic University
Victor Hugo Merino Cordoba, Luis Amigo Catholic University
Carmen Ysabel Martinez de Merino, Autonomous University of Sinaloa
Luiz Vicente Ovalles Toledo, Guajira University
Clara Judith Brito Carrillo, Guajira University
Citation Information: Guillen, J.C., Lirios, C.G., Campas, C.Y.Q., Montoya, E.A.V., Morales, F.E., Cordoba, V.H.M., de Merino, C.Y.M., Toledo, L.V.O., & Carrillo, C.J.B. (2022). Local Development Networks in the Literature From 2019 To 2022. Journal of International Business Research, 21(6), 1-7.
Abstract
Local development is an indicator of regional and metropolitan governance in the face of risk events. In this sense, the objective of the study was to reveal the structure of endogenous development in the face of the pandemic. A documentary, cross-sectional, exploratory and retrospective work was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to international repositories. The results demonstrate the prevalence of solidarity and entrepreneurship. Both configure a learning that was consolidated as the pandemic advanced. In reference to the state of the art, the analysis of entrepreneurship is suggested as the guiding axis of the research agenda in the literature consulted from 2019 to 2022.
Keywords
Agenda, COVID-19, Local Development, Objective Development Sustainability.
Introduction
For the purposes of this work, local development is understood as a scenario of optimization, entrepreneurship and innovation in the use of public resources with respect to risk events that threaten local development. In this sense, formalization will be understood as the establishment of the axes and discussion topics, as well as the specification of the relationships between these elements (Bustos-Aguayo et al., 2022).
However, the permanence in the locality was positively related to the care of the environment, indicated by water saving and reuse (Ramírez et al., 2018). Based on this finding, it was considered that Human Development would be oriented by coffee growing, the main employment activity in the locality (Sandoval et al., 2018).
However, droughts and floods encouraged the production of coffee and its commercialization, since the water culture of Xilitla depended on the rainy season and the regular supply of the public drinking water service (Garcia Lirios, 2022). Therefore, by modifying the natural water cycle and exacerbated the water shortage, farmers were affected in their use s and customs, entrepreneurship and marketing (Lirios et al., 2017). The alternative of collecting rainwater, filtering process, reuse and recycling has been considered viable in relation to local entrepreneurship. In this sense, there are significant differences in the acceptance of technology among young people with respect to older adults, but the minimum investment that is required discourages implementation (Amemiya et al., 2018).
In this way, the management that from Social Work can be generated from the ethnography of local needs, the motivation to participate in the care of the environment and the implementation could show the barriers for the acceptance of technology (Garcia, 2018). Therefore, a study of the effects of the promotion of the capture, dosage, reuse and recycling technology on local water uses and customs could stimulate coffee production and thereby reactivate Local Development (Aguayo et al., 2021). Will establish a diagnosis of the acceptance or rejection of capture technology, metering, reuse and recycling of water around coffee production of small and medium enterprises to manage subsidies to the authorities and enhance marketing of the product in three locations with high water availability, but low level of social entrepreneurship (Garcia, 2022).
If the promotion of the acceptance of technology is aimed at young coffee farmers, then the social entrepreneurship indicated by the demand for subsidies, credits, resources and implementation to micro, small and medium enterprises will be activated (Garcia et al., 2016). Coffee production will increase by encouraging the training of coffee farmers and expanding the local market to other neighboring communities, but there will be a difference between Xilitla, Valles and Real de Catorce, since their levels of availability and entrepreneurship are different (Aguayo et al., 2018). As availability decreases, social entrepreneurship increases because locals seek to diversify their paid activities (Ruíz et al., 2019). In this sense, coffee growing goes beyond the reactivation of Local Development, its effects on social entrepreneurship will generate a local metabolism.
However, the management of social work can start from formalization, but necessarily culminate in the promotion of rights to public health, water supply and the prevention of water crises or conflicts over supply (Lirios, 2013). That the management of local development depends on the integral management of natural resources, mainly public services of water supply and treatment, although these are implemented in function of risk and corruption events negligence, opacity, impunity, nepotism, cooptation or extortion (Lirios et al., 2017). A model has been specified to address the situation in which political and social actors, as well as the public and private sectors are limited to science and technology in the face of risk events, but the discussion towards of technology and its impact of the relationship between governors and the governed is a line of research to follow (Lirios et al., 2019).
The objective of the study was the systematic review of local development in the COVID-19 era, considering the evaluation of expert judges on the subject and its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals.
Are there significant differences between the structures of findings reported in the literature with respect to expert evaluations?
The premises that support the study ensure that COVID-19 has an impact on local development through anti-pandemic policies. In other words, the confinement and distancing of people generated an enterprise that activated local development, although limited to opportunism rather than to preventive innovation of risks and financial crises (Campas et al., 2022).
Method
In the framework of the call for research projects for full professors of the National School of Social Work, a research project was developed that began with an exploration of migration in Xilitla, a town located in San Luis Potosí. The indicators of Human Development such as health, housing, education and employment were significantly related to the migration of family members. In this sense, the contribution of the present work to Social Work for Sustainability lies in the formalization of the relationships between the variables.
The formalization of the relationships between risk events and management instruments related to local development was the objective of this work, considering a documentary study with an intentional selection of sources indexed to Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc and Scielo, as well as the keywords.
The Delphi technique was used for the analysis of the selected abstracts, considering the establishment of a common agenda for the evaluations of the judges in three rounds. The first consisted of the qualification of the relationship between local developments with respect to COVID-19 (Rincón et al., 2022). The experts assigned a score of 1 for direct and positive relationships, 0 for no relationship. In the second phase, the initial rating was compared with the average and the ratification or reconsideration of a final evaluation was recommended. In the third round, the judges assigned a value of 1 for reconsideration and 0 for ratification of their preliminary criteria.
The experts were contacted by institutional mail, informing them about the objectives of the study and those responsible for the project, as well as the guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity of their answers, following the protocols for studies with humans (Garcia, 2018). The homogenization of the concepts was carried out through a focus group where the experts defined the meanings of the categories and discussed the differences in order to reach agreements (Lirios et al., 2022).
The centrality, clustering, and structuring coefficients were estimated in order to test the null hypothesis about the significant differences between the theoretical structures reported in the literature from 2019 to 2022, as well as the observations of the experts. Values close to unity were assumed as evidence of non-rejection of the null hypothesis.
Results
Figure 1 shows the prevalence of the central category of the research agenda. The values explain the biased tendency of the literature when reporting findings related to entrepreneurship as an intermediary of the other dimensions of local development in the face of the pandemic.
Figure 1: Centrality Of Local Development In The Literature From 2019 To 2022.
Source: Elaborated with data study
Figure 2 shows the grouping around the mediating category of the relationship between local development and its dimensions. That is, the intermediary category explains the degree of proximity between the node and its edges in a contingent scenario.
Figure 2: Clustering Of Local Development In The Literature From 2019 To 2022.
Source: Elaborated with data study
Figure 3 shows the structure of relationships between the analysis categories. The evaluation of the expert judges suggests learning from left to right that supposes a reactivation of the local economy in the face of the pandemic. Such a process is activated with the category of centrality and becomes the category of grouping.
Figure 3:Network Of Local Development In The Literature From 2019 To 2022.
Source: Elaborated with data study
Discussion
The objective of the present work was to compare the theoretical structure of local development in the COVID-19 era with respect to the evaluations of expert judges. the results demonstrate the prevalence of solidarity at the beginning of the pandemic and the persistence of entrepreneurship so far in the pandemic has not been declared surpassed by the World Health Organization. In relation to the state of the art that suggests the emergence of opportunism as the guiding axis of the economic crisis, this work suggests that the sample analyzed focused on solidarity and moved towards the study of entrepreneurship in the COVID-19 scenario. In this sense, the learning structure was revealed by the experts. The null hypothesis was not rejected and the research agenda suggests a communication of the pandemic focused on solidarity and entrepreneurship as activators of local development.
Kotaman (2010) proposes that the management of sustainability starts from the initial education. From the volitional development, sustainability would be introjected into the habitus of consumption, but it would be consolidated in the stages of cognitive formation.
Shaheen (2010) argues that such a process would be insufficient because environmental contingencies involve decisions of utility and risk. Both factors, the cognitive volitional formation and the risk and utility decisions would be incorporated in the mathematical formalization with the purpose of predicting scenarios of ecological crisis and conflicts for the water supply.
Simsek (2011) goes beyond the asymmetries between government administration and civil self-management. Such differences are resolved, in the first instance, in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and eventually in traditional media.
Summer (2011) warns that social work competencies are determined by public management models rather than by community needs. The asymmetries between territorial planning and civil demands would be an object of study from which the social worker would delimit a research approach.
Chen & He (2011) warn that formalization is only one phase of public policy. The management of water resources and services is not only focused on the supply, but on education and promotion of public health. In this way, the effects of climate change on local health suppose formalization competencies for social work that would be complemented with the management of local needs.
Bakabulindi (2012) proposal uncertainty affects the decision-making both governmental and citizen. In this sense, it is necessary to deepen in those scenarios of shortages and shortages that are forecast after climate change intensified droughts.
Long (2013) learning about the care and conservation of the environment requires management focused on social entrepreneurship. In this phase of the local development process, the motivation of water saving and reuse competencies is essential to guarantee the sustainability of the region.
Getenet (2013) argues that the formalization of the asymmetries between the availability of resources and actions in favor of water care guide local decision-making. Points out that the promotion of rights involves the administration of resources and needs. In this sense, the differences between territorial planning and the management of needs are resolved in interdisciplinary models in which an agenda is established.
Sánchez et al. (2018) associated organizational culture local sustainable development to observe the competitive advantages of creative business knowledge to events and risks such as earthquakes, fires, frosts, were following, landslides or snow in relation with cultures of innovative management or resource optimization.
Limón et al. (2018) propose that local sustainable development be the product of agreements and responsibilities between governors and the governed with respect to risk events, programs and strategies.
Conclusion
The relationships between personal and group variables are specified with respect to water availability and supply management. The work contributes to the discussion around the administration of water resources and services based on social variables such as resilience, solidarity and cooperation. In this sense, the parameters that allow management based on local consumption needs are exposed. Within the framework of Human Development, the weighting of needs and water availability is fundamental for the establishment of an agenda in water supply management.
The present work sustains that the formalization of the variables involved in the water management and consumption process is essential for the promotion of health and the right to water. Social work for human, local and sustainable development implies the formalization of variables that, due to their relationship of dependence, establish the scenarios for the management and administration of water resources and metropolitan services.
However, some findings and proposals from other disciplines require a comprehensive review of resources and needs, demands and water consumption at the local level. The present study the state of the matter lies in formalizing a model for the study of development management, although the intentional selection of data repositories limits the discussion of thematic, suggesting the revision in Copernicus, Ebsco, Scopus and WoS.
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Received: 22-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JIBR-22-12718; Editor assigned: 24-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. JIBR-22-12718(PQ); Reviewed: 07-Nov-2022, QC No. JIBR-22-12718; Revised: 14-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. JIBR-22-12718(R); Published: 21-Nov-2022