Keywords

Analyse, Environment, Natural Resources.

Introduction

The problematic reality is that, according to what the World Health Organization (2018) supports, air pollution is a general setback, since the high proportion of sick people is a consequence of the small dimensions of the impure air that exists in peoples of Southeast Asia, Africa, the Western Pacific and the Eastern Mediterranean. These areas (mainly in Africa) have the highest levels of polluted atmospheric exposure, caused by the misuse of fuel and polluting processes in the development of routine life, such as lighting, heating, cooking, etc. Extreme poverty is closely related to excessive exposure to environmental hazards to life and health. Poverty also manages to worsen the harmful consequences of air pollution on health, by restricting access to knowledge, treatment and different means of health care.

Oceana (2020) reports that, in the Peruvian fishery, there is no full transparency, despite some progress. This is one of the conclusions reached by Oceana in an investigation carried out in 2017, in which, of 202 people, 95% of those surveyed declared that transparency is not exercised in this sector. Currently there are no clear rules to ensure clarity, neither in the General Fisheries Law, nor in its statute. One of the cases is that, to achieve zero scientific data, there is an enormous sum of information created by IMARPE that is not given to the public in adequate, instituted and viable sketches. The Escazú Agreement will cause the Ministry of Production to propose real and current data about the fishing environment and dynamism of the sector in a fast, organized and normalized way, and in viable sketches that contribute to its processing and reproduction, which may be the Inventories by variety, by landings, and by port, the information for the appreciation of biomass, among others. Likewise, it will allow PRODUCE to create data selected by the performance of its occupations, as well as on the condition of the most important national fisheries. At this time, there are no institutionalized elements of public intervention in decision-making, which properly recognize and appreciate the opinion of the corresponding people about the decisions to be made in fishing. The Escazú Agreement promotes the operation of institutional elements for intervention starting from the initial stage of observing plans, rules, statutes, purposes and actions that achieve an impact on the marine sector and hydro biological environments. Upon entering into force, PRODUCE will have to institute said devices and provide the necessary information at the appropriate time to realize the right to intervention.

According to RPP News (2018), the National Inventory of Areas Degraded by Municipal Solid Waste, formulated by the OEFA of MINAM, the department of Lambayeque, has the largest area affected by landfills with 438 hectares; likewise Ica has 276 hectares. Followed by Piura, with 201 hectares. This report indicates that Lambayeque has 30 areas addicted by solid waste; In other words, areas in which municipal garbage is collected without taking into account the methods or the appropriate authorizations, which has caused the land to deteriorate. It is known that one of these areas that cause high unrest is the dumps in the plains of the Reque district, which has a large proportion of land of 307.01 hectares. Harmed of these, the recovery plan is within the Chiclayo Limpio Project. The Prosecutor's Office, the Executive Directorate of Environmental Health and the OEFA, revealed 52 critical sites, the same ones that were reduced, due to the optimization of the cleaning program in the localities. Even in some places the accumulations are gone.

The general problem is: What is the level of perception of the environment and natural resources in Peru? The specific problems are what is the level of care for the environment and natural resources throughout Peru? What are the factors that influence the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru? What actions should be taken to analyse the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru?

The general objective is to analyse the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru. The specific objectives are:

1. Identify the level of care for the environment and natural resources throughout Peru.

2. Identify the factors that influence the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru.

3. Determine actions for the analysis in the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru.

In previous works, we have Ramírez (2017) who states in his study "Political Interest in Environmental Protection: Global Context, Environmental Protection as Public Policy and Its Application in Colombia", the following conclusion, the difficulty that arises in The safeguard of nature is that there is a governmental consent that the great part of the world has been unconcerned about the environment, since there are no notable paradigms concerning honest model norms to appreciate the environmental strategies of a specific nation. Government regulations and results present a recently refined indicator, "legitimate savings", which calculates the savings adjustment after assuming investments in human capital, the devaluation of derivative assets, and the weakening and degradation of the environment. These norms are still empirical.

Estrada & Yndigoyen (2017) support in their thesis entitled “Environmental education and environmental conservation in students of the fourth grade of primary school of the I.E. 6069 UGEL 01 from Villa El Salvador”, they maintain that the purpose of their study is to establish the correspondence between environmental training and preservation of the environment in students of the 4th grade of the I.E. 6069 Villa el Salvador Lime. The sample was 40 students, not probabilistic. The method used is the hypothetico-deductive. The type of research is correlational, non-experimental, and transversal; the instrument was the Questionnaire, organized by 20 items; The Likert-type scale was considered to evaluate its various dimensions, which offered the data corresponding to the variables under study, the results of which are shown in Tables and Figures. It is concluded that, there are convictions that environmental training has a significant relationship with the conservation of the environment in students of the 4th grade of the I.E. 6069, by applying Spearman's Rho coefficient of 0.708.

Odar and Reyes (2018) in their research "Design of an environmental education program for the proper management of solid waste aimed at the population of the Los Portales de la Pradera Human Settlement-Pimentel", of a descriptive type, with a sample of 162 people, the questionnaire and observation were used as a technique and the survey, the observation sheet, and the registration sheet were used as an instrument; The results establish that the erroneous practice of solid waste has caused the spread of rats, bugs, scavengers and fetidities from putrefaction, 100% of the residents give the reason that solid waste in their town is the most critical problem Likewise, 96% of the respondents of the AH believe that their health runs the risk of being cracked by waste that they throw into the ditch; In conclusion, the scant notion of citizens to carry out an appropriate management of garbage and its exploitation is one of the main causes that cause the most serious problem of HA.

Saucedo (2019) in his investigation "Plan for the management and management of solid waste in the district of La Victoria, province of Chiclayo, department of Lambayeque", descriptive, propositional, whose objective is to strengthen the task and administration of the provision of government cleaning in La Victoria, to optimize the quality of the landscape, rural and urban environment; the sample exists was 77 dwellings. The results indicated that the transcendental problem is garbage collection, 29% of people consider that it is due to the limited cooperation of the neighbourhood and 21% say that it is due to the incorrect periodicity of the garbage truck. 52% think that the municipal entity should extend the periodicity of the service to optimize public cleaning, and 30% say that citizens should be educated. In conclusion, there are neighbours who continue to throw garbage in unsuitable areas, which are transformed into public landfills, turning them into infectious sources, there is no education and awareness of municipal authorities, administrative collaborators, labour and neighbours in In general, since there is no joint collaboration in the service and administration of the government cleaning service. It is recommended that a Solid Waste Management and Management Plan be implemented through the district municipality of Victoria to reduce environmental pollution, in addition, it will allow optimizing the control and disposition of garbage.

Theories related to the subject: Raffino (2020) defines the environment as the place of growth of the existence of living entities and that admits the correlation between them. Likewise, this environment is not only made up of living specimens, but also by lifeless organisms (abiotic) and by natural reserves. When dealing with living entities, we refer to biotic components, be it botany (flora), animals (fauna) or even human specimens. In contrast, abiotic components are those that do not possess life. However, these components are essential for sustaining living entities, such as water, soil, air. Among the artificial components are socio-economic links, such as commitments within society, urbanization, etc. Belmonte (2020) mentions that, in 1995, Mather and Chapman define natural resources as the portions of nature that are able to supply the services and goods demanded by individuals. The most important groups of registered natural resources are: The set of raw materials and energy sources used by human beings are practically components of economic procedures. Another set of nature that includes some fractions of the environment that are able to supply services rather than material goods. The third natural environment that supplies the essentials for the maintenance and permanence of human resources, circumscribing the air we inhale and the vital liquid we take, as well as material resources such as food.

Hernández et al. (2014) suggest that it is important to justify the research through the manifestation of their knowledge, being necessary to express why and for what the research is done. Most of the investigations are done with a specific purpose, since they are not done simply for the pleasure of an individual, and that intention has to be adequately demonstrative for its elaboration to be demonstrated. This research is important, because it analysed the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru, finding that it is a nation with an appreciable native heritage, which offers various possibilities for progress through the reasonable and permanent exploitation of natural heritages; In addition, to take advantage of agriculture, fishing, mining and other valuable resources that the country has, it will also generate more jobs for the benefit of all the inhabitants. It is theoretically justified, through the contribution that Raffino (2020) gives about the environment, as well as Belmonte (2020) mentions that, in 1995, Mather and Chapman define natural resources, the same that can be used for future research; having observed that there is a deficiency in both variables, because the population and authorities have taken these issues for unnoticed. It is socially justified, because it is a main benefit for all Peruvians, to make improvement decisions towards what is happening today, so that together each problem that harms the environment and natural resources can be solved to a minimum, reaching a better quality of life and subsistence, providing a favourable context for human life, fauna and flora. The natural heritage, property of the nation, compose the indispensable means to satisfy our demands for clothing, food, home, electricity, water, etc. guaranteeing the welfare of future generations; the methodological justification is given when collecting the information, by using the questionnaire as an instrument, consisting of 29 questions; The survey was used as a technique, using the Likert scale, validated by skilled professionals on the subject; In addition, the SPSS 21 program was used for data analysis, through which real and reliable results were obtained.

Material and Methods

The type of research is descriptive, since Hernández et al. (2014) argue that this type of study tries to detail the particularities, peculiarities and details of individuals, groups, corporations, etc. that require an analysis. That is, they aspire to evaluate or collect necessary data about the variables under investigation; it is about detailing the care of the environment and natural resources of Peru. Together, it is correlational, since its purpose is to know the level of relationship between the environment and natural resources variables. The design is not experimental, since the analysis will be carried out without the premeditated manipulation of the variables; Transversal type, because the data were collected in a certain time, in a specific period

Results

Here are some of the more important findings (Tables 1-6):

Table 1 Main Person in Charge to Whom the Environmental Problems of our Country are Attributed
Main Person in Charge to Whom the Environmental Problems of our Country are Attributed	Frequency	Percentage
1. To all of us	88	22.9
2. Public transport	80	20.8
3. Industries	51	13.2
4. Municipalities/the mayor	59	15.3
5. Government	39	10.1
6. Authorities	42	10.9
7. Don't know/don't think	20	5.2
8. Others	6	1.6
Total	385	100

Table 2 Institutions do you Believe that you are Responsible for Preparing Environmental Ordinances
Institutions Responsible for Preparing Environmental Ordinances	Frequency	Percentage
1.The congress	78	20.3
2. The Superintendency of the Environment	105	27.3
3. The town	70	18.2
4. The Ministry of the Environment	76	19.7
5. The Ministry of Health	33	8.6
6. I do not know	23	6
Total	385	100

Table 3 The Deterioration of Biodiversity in Peru Would Affect Their Well-Being and Quality of Life
The Deterioration of Biodiversity in Peru would Affect their Well-Being and Quality of Life	Frequency	Percentage
1. Many	82	21.3
2. Moderately	164	42.6
3. Little bit	97	25.2
4. Would not affect	42	10.9
Total	385	100

Table 4 Main Environmental Problems
Main Environmental Problems	Frequency	Percentage
1. Deforestation	78	20.3
2. Natural resources exploitation	88	22.9
3. Mishandling of waste	129	33.5
4. Water contamination	58	15.1
5. Others	32	8.3
Total	385	100

Table 5 The State Promotes the Sustainable use of Natural Resources
The state Promotes the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources	Frequency	Percentage
1. Always	51	13.2
2. Sometimes	151	39.2
3. Never	108	28.1
4. Hardly ever	75	19.5
Total	385	100

Table 6 Level of Awareness About the Deterioration of the Environment and Natural Resources
People are Aware of the Deterioration of the Environment and Natural Resources	Frequency	Percentage
1. In disagreement	97	25.2
2. Agree	199	51.7
3. No opinion	89	23.1
Total	385	100

Results and Discussion

The first specific objective, to identify the level of care for the environment and natural resources throughout Peru, we can see that people are aware of the deterioration of the environment and natural resources in the country in Table 6 shows with 51.7% of the people surveyed indicated that they agree that people are aware of the damage to the environment and natural resources, 25.2% indicated that they disagree with this and for the remaining 23.1% they prefer not to comment on this question; As well as this, it can also be observed that in the country the behaviour of people is positive for the protection or conservation of the environment and natural resources, Figure 1 shows that 36.6% of the people surveyed indicated that the behaviour of people, in a positive way for the protection or conservation of the environment and natural resources, 34.4% indicated that this is regular, 16.9% indicated that this is bad and for 12.2% indicated that for them this is very good; These results are similar to what Odar and Reyes (2018) establish that the scant notion of citizens to carry out an appropriate waste management and exploitation of them is one of the main causes that cause the most serious problem of HA; as well as that 100% of the residents are aware that solid waste in their town is the most dangerous inconvenience.

The second objective, to identify the factors that influence the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru, in Table 1 shows us 22.9% of the people surveyed indicated that the most responsible for environmental problems in our nation are the people, 20.8% indicated that for them the main responsible is public transport, 15.3% indicated that for them the main responsible are the municipalities/the mayor, for 13.2% of the people attributed that for them it is the industries, the 10.9% indicated that they are the authorities, 10.1% indicated that for them it is the government, 5.2% do not know/do not think and for the remaining 1.6% others are responsible; Also in Table 2, 27.3% of the people surveyed also shows us the institution responsible for preparing environmental ordinances is the Superintendency of the environment, 20.3% the responsible institution is the congress, 19.7% indicated that for them the responsible entity It is the Ministry of the Environment, for 18.2% the responsible institution is the Municipality, 8.6% indicated that the responsible institution is the Ministry of Health, and for the remaining 6.0% they indicated that they do not know it; These results are similar to what Saucedo (2019) supports that a Solid Waste Management and Handling Plan be implemented through the district municipality of the Victoria de Chiclayo district to reduce environmental contamination, and will also allow optimizing the control and terminable disposal of garbage and fortify the task and administration of the provision of public cleaning.

The third objective, to determine actions for the analysis in the care of the environment and natural resources in all of Peru, in Figure 2 where it is indicated with 40.5% of the people surveyed indicated that the admission of measures in relation to the protection of the environment needs to be in the medium term, 25.5% that this adoption should take place in the long term, 22.1% consider that this should be done immediately and the remaining 11.9% do not know how to answer this question; Also in Figure 3 it is shown that 41.6% of the people surveyed indicated that local authorities take environmental issues very little seriously, 28.3% indicated that for them the authorities take these issues properly, one indicated that for them the authorities do not They do nothing about these issues and for a remaining 10.9% the authorities take these issues very seriously; These results are similar to what Ramírez (2017) says that, in Colombia, the difficulty that arises in the protection of nature is that there is a government consent that most of the world has neglected the environment, every time that there are no notable paradigms concerning honest model standards for assessing a specific nation's environmental strategies, government standards and outcomes, present a recently refined indicator, although such standards are still experimental.

Conclusion

The level of care for the environment and natural resources throughout Peru was identified, and it is concluded that the highest percentage of respondents manifests being aware of the care they have with the environment and natural resources, while on average people are disagree, while a smaller number of respondents do not think; Likewise, a large number of people indicated that the behaviour of people is good for the protection or conservation of the environment and natural resources, while a medium level say that it is regular, while at a lower level they indicated that it is bad and finally, in some they indicated that for them it is very good.

The factors that influence the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru were identified, concluding that the main person responsible for environmental problems is all of us, human beings, who have a high percentage of commitment, followed by the deterioration caused by public transport, and a high level of poor waste management, causing direct damage to nature and the environment, worsening with the exploitation of natural resources, which causes their decrease.

Actions were determined for the analysis in the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru, being that, the highest response of the respondents is that the taking of measures related to the protection of the environment must be considered in the medium term, while a regular level of respondents believe that this adoption should take place in the long term; In addition, it is established that local authorities take environmental issues very little seriously, while at a medium level they indicated that for them the authorities take these issues adequately, while for others they indicated that the authorities do not do anything about them. Themes; It is also known that the state sometimes promotes the sustainable use of natural resources.

In a general way, the care of the environment and natural resources throughout Peru was analysed, reaching the conclusion that human beings are responsible for environmental problems in our country, although the level of consciousness of people is high , about the deterioration of the environment and natural resources, as well as that the superintendency of the environment is responsible for preparing environmental ordinances, since the state sometimes promotes the sustainable use of natural resources; Likewise, the deterioration of biodiversity in Peru would moderately affect the well-being and quality of life of human beings, the main problem being the exploitation of natural resources.

References

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