Author(s): Hotma P. Sibuea, Asmak Ul Hosnah, Dwi Seno Wijanarko
Abuse of power and arbitrary actions by authorities has always been a universal phenomenon, which was developed through various methods of monitoring. It is widely recognized in both the Parliamentary and Presidential government systems. Particularly, the impeachment method developed in presidential countries with respective characteristics. Furthermore, it depends on the historical background and the purpose of establishing impeachment institutions as stipulated in the constitution of each country. Indonesia and the Philippines with the presidential system recognize impeachment as a method of monitoring and limiting the powers of the authorities. However, the impeachment model adopted in these countries has different characteristics. A three-step and two-step impeachment model was used by Indonesia and the Philippines respectively. Besides, Indonesia applies a combination model of political and juridical justice, while the Philippines only use a political justice model. In addition, a similarity also existed between these two countries' impeachment models. It exists in terms of the limited reasons for the impeachment of the President/Vice President as stipulated in their respective constitutions.