Author(s): Ruby Harrison
The digital era has revolutionized education, introducing online learning as a mainstream alternative to traditional classroom instruction. However, effective online learning requires robust instructional design (ID) that aligns pedagogical strategies with digital capabilities. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities associated with instructional design for online learning, focusing on engagement, accessibility, technological integration, and adaptability to diverse learners. Challenges include digital divides, learner isolation, and assessment authenticity, while opportunities lie in personalized learning, global collaboration, and data-driven insights. This study emphasizes the importance of instructional designers leveraging innovative tools and theories to create impactful online learning experiences.